For millions of women, oral contraceptive pills are an effective way to avoid pregnancy, moderate irregular periods, or address other health concerns, such as acne. While oral contraceptives are a safe, effective medicine, it is important to understand that they may affect your blood pressure health
Birth Control Pills Contain Hormones
The most commonly prescribed birth controls pills contain a synthetic mixture of estrogen and another hormone called progesterone. In addition, there is a form of birth control called the “mini-pill” which only contains progesterone. These hormones are necessary for the contraceptive action of the birth control pill, but carry some risks.
Progesterone Can Increase Blood Pressure
Progesterone is a hormone that can affect blood pressure. The mechanism by which this occurs is complicated, but involves both hormone cascades and direct effect on small blood vessels. Because of these effects, it is possible that taking birth control pills can cause your blood pressure to rise. This increase in blood pressure can range from very mild to potentially serious, and may sometimes warrant discontinuing the birth control.
Things That Increase Your Risk
While the absolute risk of developing high blood pressure while taking birth control pills has not been established, there are several other factors that may indicate a woman is more likely to experience this complication. These factors include
- A family history of high blood pressure, especially in female relatives
- A personal history of high blood pressure during prior pregnancy
- Any personal history of heart problems
- Any personal history of blood vessel problems
Before & During Birth Control Pill Use
Before beginning birth control pill your doctor will check your blood pressure. If you do not have a long history with your current physician, he will likely make several checks of your blood pressure over a period of time. This is normal and serves to establish a baseline. During treatment, your blood pressure should be monitored regularly, usually during your annual exam, but more frequently if any increase is detected.
What if My Blood Pressure Goes Up?
If your blood pressure rises while you’re using the pill, this does not necessarily mean that you must stop taking the pill. Your doctor will monitor your blood pressure very carefully, and will provide advice and recommendations based on your circumstances. Some possibilities may include
- Continuing as normal
- Changing to a different pill with lower levels of progesterone
- Trying a different method of birth control
Related: High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy | Preeclampsia | Women & High Blood Pressure
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