Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Definition: Omega-3 fatty acids are a specific type of unsaturated fat that the body cannot manufacture on its own, so they must be obtained from food. There are three types of Omega-3 fatty acids that are important in human metabolism. These are:

1. a-Linolenic Acid (ALA)
2. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (ELA)
3. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

a-Linolenic Acid is considered to be an essential nutrient. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body, they must be consumed in food products. Both Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid are non-essential, but can only be synthesized using a-Linolenic Acid as a starting point. A large body of evidence exists to suggest that Omega-3 fatty acids have considerable health benefits, including:

• Anti-inflammatory effects
• Antioxidant effects
• Beneficial effects on cholesterol levels

Research has not conclusively shown that Omega-3 fatty acids specifically prevent heart disease, but initial results are promising.

_{Sources
Mozaffarian, et al. Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health: Evaluating the Risks and the Benefits. JAMA, 296(15).}